Filling up the angled via without the presence of air bubbles and providing a flat surface above the mirror is only possible by enhancing the cladding deposition process with ultrasound agitation. Mirrors are selectively metallized using a lift-off process. A process for embedding metal coated 45° micromirrors in optical waveguiding layers is developed. Single mode waveguides using inorganic-organic hybrid polymers show an attenuation loss of 0.62 ± 0.08 dB/cm at 1.3 μm. Multimode waveguides are patterned by KrF excimer laser ablation in acrylate polymers with 0.13 dB/cm propagation loss at 850 nm. The latter refers to the processes as well as material compatibility. The most critical point that is being addressed is the low-cost manufacturing and the compatibility with current PCB production. We present a fabrication technology for integrating polymer waveguides and 45° micromirror couplers into standard electrical printed circuit boards (PCBs). Thus, the alignment issue is relaxed from the usual constraint of attempting to physically separate channels to one where, as long as the receiver is within the optical cone of it's matched transmitting element, cross channel interference can be effectively eliminated.
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Thus the use of a unique "matched HOE" pair with each transmitterreceiver pair of multiple optical data channels can provide an efficient mechanism to isolate individual data streams even when they may be physically coincident, such as in a length of fibre optic or when multiple free space data transmitters illuminate several channel's receiver elements. Matched HOEs can both induce upon a transmitted optical stream, and then filter upon a received optical stream, a number of distinguishing characteristics such as wavelength, polarization, phase, and amplitude. This presentation will examine another promising option, the use of "matched" Holographic Optical Elements (HOEs) to provide both cross channel optical isolation and to significantly relax traditional optical alignment requirements. Established optical alignment and isolation techniques include spatial separation of optical channels, use of lensing elements to focus specific transmitter outputs to specific receiver areas, use of differing wavelengths for adjacent channels with appropriate frequency filtering on receivers, and the use of "light guide tubes" for each channel.
Since most backplanes require data transfer rates greater than a single optical channel can costeffectively provide, multiple data channels is the common solution for higher aggregate transfer rates.
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